Adipocytokines are a variety of active biological substances secreted by adipose tissue. These substances have a pivotal role in control of metabolism, appetite, thermogenesis, thyroid and reproductive functions. Endocrine disorders were reported to affect their secretion and function. Abnormal levels of adipocytokines in hypo- and hyperthyroidism have been reported with controversial results. Therefore, this study was designed to demonstrate the effect of experimental hypo and hyperthyroidism on adiponectin, visfatin and vaspin levels in rats. Design: This study was performed on 45 adult male albino rats divided into 3 equal groups: Control (Group I), Hypothyroid (Group II) and Hyperthyroid (Group III) groups. Hypothyroidism was induced by propylthiouracil administration (0.05% in drinking water) for 3 weeks. Hyperthyroidism was inducted by L-thyroxine administration (250 µg/kg) subcutaneously for 2 weeks, while untreated animals served as controls. Results: The mean values for visfatin and vaspin were found to be significantly increased (P< 0.001) while Adiponectin was non-significantly changed in group II (Hypothyroid Group) when compared with group I (Euthyroid Group). In-group III (Hyperthyroid group), the mean values of adiponctin were found to be significantly increased (P< 0.001). While visfatin and vaspin were significantly decreased (P< 0.001) when compared with their respective values of group I and group II. Serum levels of adiponectin and visfatin were found to have significant positive correlation with serum levels of T3 and T4 and significant negative correlation with serum levels of TSH in all groups. However, serum levels of vaspin were found to have significant negative correlation with serum levels of T3 and T4 and significant positive correlation with serum levels of TSH in all groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that adipokines can be affected by thyroid hormone disorders, so changes in the production of adipokines that accompany thyroid dysfunction may represent adaptive mechanisms to the changes in basal energy expenditure and in energy substrate requirements in thyroid disorders.