Background: By implementing patient safety programs, nurses play a critical role in improving healthcare. A patient safety culture assessment will help improve nurses' performance by identifying the nurses' impressions of the culture and examining their training and expertise about patient safety. Aim of the study: Evaluate nurses' performance regarding patient safety in emergency operating rooms. Subjects and Methods: Research design: A descriptive approach has been used. Setting: The research was carried out at the emergency operating rooms of the Zagazig University Hospitals. Subjects: A convenience sample which composed of 70 nurses was recruited for the study. Tools of data collection: The data for this study were collected using three different instruments: Tool I: The study nurses' personal qualities and knowledge were assessed using an interview questionnaire. Tool II: Observational checklist to determine the degree of patient safety measures in emergency operating rooms and Tool III: An instrument for assessing nurses' attitudes toward patients' safety. Results: A large percentage (52.9%) of nurses surveyed had inadequate comprehensive knowledge. More than a third (38.5 %) of the nurses surveyed practiced unsafely in emergency operating rooms when it came to patient safety. More than seventy percent of the nurses evaluated had a poor outlook on patient safety in emergency operating rooms. Conclusion: There was a lack of understanding, practice, and attitude towards patients' safety in emergency operating rooms among the majority of nurses evaluated. All of the variables related to patient safety in emergency operating rooms were shown to have a statistically significant positive relationship. Recommendations: Educational posters should be designed and continuous training program applied particularly to the younger nurses with short duration of experience in emergency operating room. Keywords: Emergency operating room, Nurses' performance, Patient safety, knowledge, practice, Attitude.