Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulators, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4, and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma اظهار منظم مفتشين المناعة مستضد الخلايا الليمفاوية التائية السامة للخلايا-4 ورابط الموت المبرمج-1 في سرطان البلعوم الأنفي المتعلق بفيروس ابشتاين بار

Faculty Medicine Year: 2021
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages:
Authors:
Journal: Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol Volume:
Keywords : Expression , Immune Checkpoint Regulators, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte    
Abstract:
Ovarian cancer is a gynecological malignancy with a high mortality rate. Autophagy is lysosomal degradation of damaged subcellular structures which is known as type II programmed cell death. Autophagy was initially thought to be a tumor-suppression mechanism and dysregulation of autophagy is suggested to be involved in tumor genesis. BECN1 is a tumor suppressor gene involved in the initiation of autophagy. It encodes Beclin‑1 protein, which inhibits tumor growth, there is wide controversy about its role in initiation, promotion of tumor and prognostic importance of autophagic molecules. Transforming growth factor β1 induce process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), keeping, epithelial cells more motile and invasive leading to cancer progression and metastasis. Material and methods: Fifty Blocks of paraffin-embedded ovarian tissue were selected, representing cases diagnosed as ECO. The immunohistochemical staining procedure was done using Beclin 1 and TGF-β to detect their expression and to correlate it with the different clinical parameters. Results: Positive Beclin1 expression was observed in 54% and positive TGF-β1 staining was observed in 70 % of patients tissue samples. Beclin1 significantly correlated with lower tumor grade (P<0.031) and lower FIGO stage, P=0.01, a significant association was observed between higher FIGO stage and TGF-β1 expression. All metastatic cases were positive for TGF-β1 versus 27.3% of metastatic cases positive for beclin. Beclin1 showed significant correlation with non-recurring disease, P=0.005 and was associated with less mortality P=<0.001. TGF-β1 was significantly associated with higher mortality rates and relapsing disease, P=0.015, P=0.005 Conclusion: Beclin1 protein could be considered a good prognostic factor in OC cases while Tgf‑β1 considered adverse factor which could be of benefit in OC molecular targeting therapy
   
     
 
       

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