Abstract: |
: A series of nitrogen-containing apigenin analogs 4a–j was synthesized via
Mannich reactions to develop anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents from
plant-derived flavonoids. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed using
1
H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS. The in vitro biological activities of the analogs were
evaluated via assays of their antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. The
prepared apigenin analogs exhibited different antiproliferative activities against four human
cancer cell lines, namely human cervical (HeLa), human hepatocellular liver (HepG2),
human lung (A549), and human breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. Compound 4i showed the most
favorable in vitro antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 40, 40, 223, and 166 μg/mL
against HeLa, HepG2, A549, and MCF-7, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay also showed that 4i had the most potent
antioxidant activity, with the smallest IC50 value (334.8 μg/mL). The antibacterial activities
of the analogs were determined using a two-fold serial dilution technique against four
pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the prepared apigenin analogs exhibited more potent
activities than the parent apigenin. Compounds 4h and 4j, in particular, exhibited the best
inhibitory activities against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus
subtilis with MIC values of 3.91 and 1.95 μg/mL, respectively.
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