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Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
King Saud University
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Abstract: |
Fifty broiler chicks were divided into five groups to study the antiviral and immune-stimulant effect of
Allium cepa essential oils (ACEO). The effect of Allium cepa essential oils administration single or combined with NVD vaccine in broilers, more than one parameter was studied in this study i.e., the clinical
symptoms that appeared on the chicks after the experimental infection with velogenic Newcastle disease
virus, postmortem lesions, pathological lesions scoring, mortality rate (MR), and viral shedding, birds
immunity was assessed by HI test and protection percent post-challenge with vNDV. Our result showed
that mild clinical signs, lesion scoring, decreased viral shedding in ACEO treated groups 3 (G 3) more than
control groups post-challenge with vNDV. Delayed onset of mild clinical signs in G3 followed by complete
recovery 7th-day post-challenge (DPC). Low MR (40 and 0%) and high protection percent (100 and 60%) in
ACEO treated G3 and G5, respectively. spleen, thymus, cecal tonsil, proventriculus, and cerebrum lesions
scoring in G3 and G5 were significantly ((p 0.05).) lower than the control group, proving a decrease in
NDV replication and effective antiviral activity of ACEO. HI titer significantly increased (p 0.05) In G3,
G4 and G5 compared with control groups. There is no significant difference in HI titer in ACEO treated
groups and vaccinated groups. In conclusion, oral administration of ACEO combined with NDV vaccines
significantly reduces or eliminates lethal clinical signs, lesions, viral shedding, and enhances immune
response and protection percent after vNDV challenge proving the natural antiviral and immune stimulant effect of ACEO onion extract. Implementing such a regime might aid NDV control in broiler flocks in
endemic areas and reduce the epidemiological load of NDV in the environment.
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