Aims of the study: This study attempted to compare the awareness on risk factors for diabetes and Knowledge on diabetic peripheral neuropathy among the nationalities of Egypt and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A descriptive Comparative design was adopted The purposive sampling technique was used to select the both male and female patients with type 1 & type 2 DM attending diabetic out patients department. Results : Saudi nationalities have a higher correct answer saying primary cause of peripheral neuropathy is high blood glucose over long period (63.3 % ( p = 0.006 ), The percentage knowledge score of diabetic patients on peripheral Neuropathy among the nationalities of Saudi(80% ) have moderate level of knowledge on peripheral neuropathy. Whereas only 55 % of subjects of Egypt have moderate knowledge score on peripheral neuropathy Conclusion: Lack of awareness about Diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy and foot examination is existing among the people with diabetes mellitus of both nationalities. Key words: Awareness, Risk factors, Diabetic mellitus, Peripheral Neuropathy