Abstract: |
Nonylphenol (NP) is a widespread contaminant in the ecosystem. Zinc is an essential trace element with many
physiological activities. The existing study aimed to examine the possible favorable role of zinc sulfate against
the immunosuppressive, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of NP in Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). Two
hundred and twenty-five tilapia fish were categorized into control, vehicle control, zinc sulfate (0.5 mg/L water),
NP (50 μg/L water), and zinc sulfate + NP groups with 3 weeks period of exposure. Selective liver and kidney
damaging byproducts, immunological, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, hematological, and inflammatory
biomarkers were monitored as well as histopathological examinations were performed. The results revealed that
NP induced hemolytic anemia, leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyper alpha1-globulinemia, hyper alpha2- and beta-globulinemia, and hypo
gammaglobulinemia. Also, significantly elevated levels of ALT, AST, LDH, ammonia, cholesterol, creatinine,
MDA, MPO, and TNF-alpha were recorded. Meanwhile, ALP, IgM, complement3, and NO levels together with
lysozyme activity were significantly declined. Additionally, damage of hepatic and renal structural with splenic
lymphoid depletion was also noted. On the contrast, Addition of zinc sulfate into the water restored the disturbances in most of those indicators elicited by NP. It is concluded that zinc sulfate has ameliorative action
against hematotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and immunosuppressive impacts of NP in Nile tilapia fish.
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