EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CHILDHOOD ANEMIA IN PEDIATRICS HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY UNIT IN ZAGAZIG UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Anemia, which is a red cell mass that is below the limit of normal, is probably the most common human pathological state worldwide. The condition is not a disease, but is instead the manifestation of an underlying pathological process. Anemia is a sign and not a diagnosis. Once recognized, however, the sign can serve as a road marker in the quest of cause. Although not a primary disease process, anemia can produce severe morbidity and occasionally even death. Chronic severe anemia strains the heart, for instance, and can produce high-output cardiac failure. Consequently, steps to correct the anemia should accompany the diagnostic evaluation.In our work all patient presented with pallor in hematology and oncology unite in pediatrics hospital during a year 2011 are subjected to full history ,complete clinical examination and initial laboratory tests, icluding CBC, reticulocyte count and according to the prelminary investigation further investigation are done to clue diagnosis.In our work , the most cmmon cause of anemia in 600 case admitted in hematology and oncology unit zagzig university pediatric hospital at 2011 year,was acute leukemia (44%) then acute hemolytic anemia (20%) and bleeding disorder (20%) then iron deficiency anemia(10%) then thalassemia (4%) then spherocytos is(1%) and aplastic anemia(1%).